import Foundation
import CryptoKit
import AppKit

final class FileSystem {

    private static let tempFileName = "temp.bin"

    private let input: URL

    private let output: URL

    private let source = "FileSystem"

    private let images: ImageGenerator

    private let configuration: Configuration

    private var tempFile: URL {
        input.appendingPathComponent(FileSystem.tempFileName)
    }

    let generatorInfoFolder: URL

    /**
     All files which should be copied to the output folder
     */
    private var requiredFiles: Set<String> = []

    /**
     The files marked as external in element metadata.

     Files included here are not generated, since they are assumed to be added separately.
     */
    private var externalFiles: Set<String> = []

    /**
     The files marked as expected, i.e. they exist after the generation is completed.

     The key of the dictionary is the file path, the value is the file providing the link
     */
    private var expectedFiles: [String : String] = [:]

    /**
     All pages without content which have been created
     */
    private var emptyPages: Set<String> = []

    /**
     All pages which have `status` set to ``PageState.draft``
     */
    private var draftPages: Set<String> = []

    /**
     All paths to page element folders, indexed by their unique id.

     This relation is used to generate relative links to pages using the ``Element.id`
     */
    private var pagePaths: [String: String] = [:]

    /**
     The image creation tasks.

     The key is the destination path.
     */
    private var imageTasks: [String : ImageOutput] = [:]

    /**
     The paths to all pages which were changed
     */
    private var generatedPages: Set<String> = []

    init(in input: URL, to output: URL, configuration: Configuration) {
        self.input = input
        self.output = output
        self.images = .init(input: input, output: output)
        self.generatorInfoFolder = input.appendingPathComponent("run")
        self.configuration = configuration
    }

    func urlInOutputFolder(_ path: String) -> URL {
        output.appendingPathComponent(path)
    }

    func urlInContentFolder(_ path: String) -> URL {
        input.appendingPathComponent(path)
    }

    private func exists(_ url: URL) -> Bool {
        FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path)
    }

    func dataOfRequiredFile(atPath path: String, source: String) -> Data? {
        let url = input.appendingPathComponent(path)
        guard exists(url) else {
            log.failedToOpen(path, requiredBy: source, error: nil)
            return nil
        }

        do {
            return try Data(contentsOf: url)
        } catch {
            log.failedToOpen(path, requiredBy: source, error: error)
            return nil
        }
    }

    func contentOfMdFile(atPath path: String, source: String) -> String? {
        contentOfOptionalFile(atPath: path, source: source, createEmptyFileIfMissing: configuration.createMdFilesIfMissing)
    }

    func contentOfOptionalFile(atPath path: String, source: String, createEmptyFileIfMissing: Bool = false) -> String? {
        let url = input.appendingPathComponent(path)
        guard exists(url) else {
            if createEmptyFileIfMissing {
                try? Data().write(to: url)
            }
            return nil
        }

        do {
            return try String(contentsOf: url)
        } catch {
            log.failedToOpen(path, requiredBy: source, error: error)
            return nil
        }
    }

    func writeDetectedFileChangesToDisk() {
        images.writeDetectedFileChangesToDisk()
    }
    
    // MARK: Images

    @discardableResult
    func requireSingleImage(source: String, destination: String, requiredBy path: String, width: Int, desiredHeight: Int? = nil) -> NSSize {
        images.requireImage(
            at: destination,
            generatedFrom: source,
            requiredBy: path,
            quality: 0.7,
            width: width,
            height: desiredHeight,
            alwaysGenerate: false)
    }

    /**
     Create images of different types.

     This function generates versions for the given image, including png/jpg, avif, and webp. Different pixel density versions (1x and 2x) are also generated.
     - Parameter destination: The path to the destination file
     */
    @discardableResult
    func requireMultiVersionImage(source: String, destination: String, requiredBy path: String, width: Int, desiredHeight: Int? = nil)  -> NSSize {
        images.requireMultiVersionImage(source: source, destination: destination, requiredBy: path, width: width, desiredHeight: desiredHeight)
    }

    func requireFullSizeMultiVersionImage(source: String, destination: String, requiredBy path: String) -> NSSize {
        images.requireMultiVersionImage(source: source, destination: destination, requiredBy: path, width: configuration.pageImageWidth, desiredHeight: nil)
    }

    func createImages() {
        images.createImages()
    }

    // MARK: File copying

    /**
     Add a file as required, so that it will be copied to the output directory.
     */
    func require(file: String) {
        let url = input.appendingPathComponent(file)
        guard url.exists, url.isDirectory else {
            requiredFiles.insert(file)
            return
        }
        do {
            try FileManager.default
                .contentsOfDirectory(atPath: url.path)
                .forEach {
                    // Recurse into subfolders
                    require(file: file + "/" + $0)
                }
        } catch {
            log.add(error: "Failed to read folder \(file): \(error)", source: source)
        }
    }

    /**
     Mark a file as explicitly missing.

     This is done for the `externalFiles` entries in metadata,
     to indicate that these files will be copied to the output folder manually.
     */
    func exclude(file: String) {
        externalFiles.insert(file)
    }

    /**
     Mark a file as expected to be present in the output folder after generation.

     This is done for all links between pages, which only exist after the pages have been generated.
     */
    func expect(file: String, source: String) {
        expectedFiles[file] = source
    }

    func copyRequiredFiles() {
        var copiedFiles = Set<String>()
        for file in requiredFiles {
            let cleanPath = cleanRelativeURL(file)
            let sourceUrl = input.appendingPathComponent(cleanPath)
            let destinationUrl = output.appendingPathComponent(cleanPath)
            guard sourceUrl.exists else {
                if !isExternal(file: file) {
                    log.add(error: "Missing required file", source: cleanPath)
                }
                continue
            }
            if copyFileIfChanged(from: sourceUrl, to: destinationUrl) {
                copiedFiles.insert(file)
            }
        }
        try? tempFile.delete()
        for (file, source) in expectedFiles {
            guard !isExternal(file: file) else {
                continue
            }
            let cleanPath = cleanRelativeURL(file)
            let destinationUrl = output.appendingPathComponent(cleanPath)
            if !destinationUrl.exists {
                log.add(error: "Missing \(cleanPath)", source: source)
            }
        }
        guard !copiedFiles.isEmpty else {
            print("No required files copied")
            return
        }
        print("\(copiedFiles.count) required files copied:")
        for file in copiedFiles.sorted() {
            print("  " + file)
        }
    }

    private func copyFileIfChanged(from sourceUrl: URL, to destinationUrl: URL) -> Bool {
        guard configuration.minifyCSSandJS else {
            return copyBinaryFileIfChanged(from: sourceUrl, to: destinationUrl)
        }
        switch sourceUrl.pathExtension.lowercased() {
        case "js":
            return minifyJS(at: sourceUrl, andWriteTo: destinationUrl)
        case "css":
            return minifyCSS(at: sourceUrl, andWriteTo: destinationUrl)
        default:
            return copyBinaryFileIfChanged(from: sourceUrl, to: destinationUrl)
        }
    }

    private func copyBinaryFileIfChanged(from sourceUrl: URL, to destinationUrl: URL) -> Bool {
        do {
            let data = try Data(contentsOf: sourceUrl)
            return writeIfChanged(data, to: destinationUrl)
        } catch {
            log.add(error: "Failed to read data at \(sourceUrl.path)", source: source, error: error)
            return false
        }
    }

    private func minifyJS(at sourceUrl: URL, andWriteTo destinationUrl: URL) -> Bool {
        let command = "uglifyjs \(sourceUrl.path) > \(tempFile.path)"
        do {
            _ = try FileSystem.safeShell(command)
            return copyBinaryFileIfChanged(from: tempFile, to: destinationUrl)
        } catch {
            log.add(error: "Failed to minify \(sourceUrl.path): \(error)", source: source)
            return false
        }
    }

    private func minifyCSS(at sourceUrl: URL, andWriteTo destinationUrl: URL) -> Bool {
        let command = "cleancss \(sourceUrl.path) -o \(tempFile.path)"
        do {
            _ = try FileSystem.safeShell(command)
            return copyBinaryFileIfChanged(from: tempFile, to: destinationUrl)
        } catch {
            log.add(error: "Failed to minify \(sourceUrl.path): \(error)", source: source)
            return false
        }
    }

    private func cleanRelativeURL(_ raw: String) -> String {
        let raw = raw.dropAfterLast("#") // Clean links to page content
        guard raw.contains("..") else {
            return raw
        }
        var result: [String] = []
        for component in raw.components(separatedBy: "/") {
            if component == ".." {
                _ = result.popLast()
            } else {
                result.append(component)
            }
        }
        return result.joined(separator: "/")
    }

    /**
     Check if a file is marked as external.

     Also checks for sub-paths of the file, e.g if the folder `docs` is marked as external,
     then files like `docs/index.html` are also found to be external.
     - Note: All paths are either relative to root (no leading slash) or absolute paths of the domain (leading slash)
     */
    func isExternal(file: String) -> Bool {
        // Deconstruct file path
        var path = ""
        for part in file.components(separatedBy: "/") {
            guard part != "" else {
                continue
            }
            if path == "" {
                path = part
            } else {
                path += "/" + part
            }
            if externalFiles.contains(path) {
                return true
            }
        }
        return false
    }

    func printExternalFiles() {
        guard !externalFiles.isEmpty else {
            return
        }
        print("\(externalFiles.count) external resources needed:")
        for file in externalFiles.sorted() {
            print("  " + file)
        }
    }

    // MARK: Pages

    func isEmpty(page: String) {
        emptyPages.insert(page)
    }

    func printEmptyPages() {
        guard !emptyPages.isEmpty else {
            return
        }
        print("\(emptyPages.count) empty pages:")
        for page in emptyPages.sorted() {
            print("  " + page)
        }
    }

    func isDraft(path: String) {
        draftPages.insert(path)
    }

    func printDraftPages() {
        guard !draftPages.isEmpty else {
            return
        }
        print("\(draftPages.count) drafts:")
        for page in draftPages.sorted() {
            print("  " + page)
        }
    }

    func add(page: String, id: String) {
        if let existing = pagePaths[id] {
            log.add(error: "Conflicting id with \(existing)", source: page)
        }
        pagePaths[id] = page
    }

    func getPage(for id: String) -> String? {
        pagePaths[id]
    }

    func generated(page: String) {
        generatedPages.insert(page)
    }

    func printGeneratedPages() {
        guard !generatedPages.isEmpty else {
            print("No pages modified")
            return
        }
        print("\(generatedPages.count) pages modified")
        for page in generatedPages.sorted() {
            print("  " + page)
        }
    }


    // MARK: Writing files

    @discardableResult
    func writeIfChanged(_ data: Data, to url: URL) -> Bool {
        // Only write changed files
        if url.exists, let oldContent = try? Data(contentsOf: url), data == oldContent {
            return false
        }
        do {
            try data.createFolderAndWrite(to: url)
            return true
        } catch {
            log.add(error: "Failed to write file", source: url.path, error: error)
            return false
        }
    }

    @discardableResult
    func write(_ string: String, to url: URL) -> Bool {
        let data = string.data(using: .utf8)!
        return writeIfChanged(data, to: url)
    }

    // MARK: Running other tasks

    @discardableResult
    static func safeShell(_ command: String) throws -> String {
        let task = Process()
        let pipe = Pipe()

        task.standardOutput = pipe
        task.standardError = pipe
        task.arguments = ["-cl", command]
        task.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/bin/zsh")
        task.standardInput = nil

        try task.run()

        let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
        let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!

        return output
    }
}